![]() Lowboy See double dropdeck, or gooseneck lowboy. Live-bottom A dry van with solid or openable roof with a moveable mechanized floor for unloading. Livestock A rectangular enclosure with sides featuring numerous ventilation holes, an interior with multiple levels, and usually a ramp in the rear for loading/unloading. Main article: Grain hopper trailer A rectangular enclosure with an open top for bulk loading, covered with a tarp, and a funnel shaped bottom for unloading grain, fertilizer, etc. Can be loaded/unloaded from the sides or above, and does not require elevated access for forklifts. ![]() Flatbed A flat trailer with no enclosure or doors. Dump A bucket-like trailer with an open top for loading, commonly used for hauling bulk quantities of dirt, rock, gravel, etc. Usually loaded/unloaded through the rear doors, requiring elevated access for forklifts to enter the trailer. Dry van A simple, enclosed non-climate controlled rectangular trailer that carries general cargo, including food and other products that do not require refrigeration. Usually loaded through holes in the top, unloaded through the bottom or through pneumatic force. Sometimes referred to as a 'Teat Truck' or 'Teater' due to its appearance. Dry bulk A variation of the liquid tank trailer, with a funnel-shaped bottom, used for hauling bulk quantities of dry powder (sometimes called bulk pneumatic). See also: headache rack.Ī standard dry van trailer Dropdeck A flatbed with a lowered deck, featuring a raised step at the front, where the trailer attaches to the fifth wheel. May also refer to any separator within a dry or liquid trailer (also called a baffle for liquid trailers) used to partition the load. Bulkhead A strong wall-like structure placed at the front of a flatbed trailer used to protect the driver against shifting cargo during a front-end collision. During acceleration, turning, and braking, a large liquid-filled tank may produce unexpected forces on the vehicle due to the inertia of liquids. Baffle A partition or separator within a liquid tank, used to inhibit the flow of fluids within the tank. Vehicle parts See also Semi-trailer truck#Construction for a diagram of truck parts. This design allows faster moves from site to site than conventional cranes. Truck crane A special truck (carrier) with a permanently mounted crane (upper). Normally 2 or 3 axles, sometimes with lift axles. Straight truck A single vehicle, with no articulation. The use of the term "semi" in the name comes from the semi-trailer, a vehicle whose load is carried partly by its own axles and partly by the pulling vehicle, which is commonly included in tractor-trailer rigs. In some applications a semi can pull additional full trailers (doubles and triples) with the use of a single axle or tandem axle converter dolly. There are also two axle tractors, single axle trailers, and occasionally combinations with extra lift axles. Main article: Semi-trailer truck An articulated (jointed) combination vehicle, often composed of a 10-wheeled (three axle) tractor and a 4-wheeled (two axle) trailer. In verb form, this also refers to operating a truck without a trailer. ![]() Primarily used for time-sensitive freight. Team drivers A team of two or more drivers who ride together and drive the same truck in shifts, essentially allowing the truck to remain in motion almost constantly. Regional route A driver or carrier who transports cargo in a limited geographical area, usually within a certain radius of one's own home or company terminal, and may or may not maintain a schedule. Private carriers are not required to obtain operating authority by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). Private carrier A not-for-hire carrier contracted to or owned by a shipper that does not offer services to the general public, and operates primarily to transport its own goods. Main article: Owner-operator Self-employed independent drivers who operate privately owned or leased trucks, as opposed to a company driver. Some nicknames are obvious wordplay, such as "portable parking lot", in reference to a truck that carries automobiles. Another borrowed term is " landing gear" (from the aviation industry), which refers to the legs which support the front end of a semi-trailer when it is not connected to a semi-truck. Drawing power from land lines is more efficient than engine idling and eliminates localized air pollution. For example, shore power is a term borrowed from shipping terminology, in which electrical power is transferred from shore to ship, instead of the ship relying upon idling its engines. Some terms may be used within other English-speaking countries, or within the freight industry in general (air, rail, ship, and manufacturing). A specialized set of jargon describe the tools, equipment, and employment sectors used in the trucking industry in the United States.
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